In this post, we will discuss ray optics class 12 and ray optics important questions. We will also give definition of plane mirror.
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| Image formed by the plane mirror |
Definition of plane mirror
With the help of a plane mirror, only one image is formed of a real object, this image is virtual, erect, and of the size of the object.
Important points about plane mirror
(i) The focal length of any plane mirror is infinity.
(ii) Optical power of plane mirror is zero.
(iii) We get a virtual, erect, and of the same size as the object image by a plane mirror.
(iv) The focal length of any plane mirror is infinite.
(v) The distance the object is from the mirror, the image appears inside the mirror only. The distance between the object and the image is twice the distance between the object and the image, that is, if the distance between the object and the image is 15 cm, then the distance between the object and the image is 30 cm.
Minimum deviation of prism
“The minimum value of the angle of deviation suffered by a ray on passing through a prism is called the angle of minimum deviation and is denoted by `\delta m`”
The angle of a prism
Answer.
The angle formed between the two surfaces of the prism is called the refractive angle or the angle of the prism.
What is prism
Answer:
A prism is a three-dimensional transparent optical device. The shape of the prism is of a special type when the sunlight is incident on the surface of the prism, then the sunlight splits into its seven original colors along with it, this phenomenon is called color deflection, due to this rainbow is formed.
Q. What is dispersion of white light? What is the cause of such dispersion?
Ans. Sunlight is white in colour, when sunlight is incident on the surface of a prism, it splits into primary colors along with it. This phenomenon of light is called dispersion of light.
Q. What are prism properties?
Ans. Prism has the property of splitting of light in various colors. It is the Dispersion of light.
Prism has the property of refraction. It can refract of incident light.
Q. How do we prove that white light has different colors?
Ans. To prove that white light is made up of different colours when a ray of white light is incident on the surface of a prism, it splits into different colors along with it, this phenomenon is called dispersion.
Q. Who invented prism?
Ans. Isaac Newton invented the prism.
Q. How many types of prism and write about its uses?
Ans.
Prisms can be classified into four main types based on their intended use: dispersion prisms, deflection or reflection prisms, rotating prisms, and offset prisms. These prisms have various applications, such as splitting light, polarizing light, depolarizing light, creating dual channel instruments, orienting images, and more.
Q. What is refraction of light?
Ans. When light passes from one transparent medium to another then bending of light is Refraction.
Q. Which color of light is most refracted during dispersion by a prism?
Ans. The color of light that is most refracted during dispersion by a prism is violet. When light passes through air and into a prism, the different colors of light bend at different angles due to their different wavelengths `\lemda`. Violet light has a shorter wavelength of about 400 nanometers compared to the longer wavelength of red light at about 650 nanometers, which causes it to bend more as it enters the prism and thus, refracts the most.
Q. What is the reason behind the formation of Rainbow?
Ans. Sometimes after some time of rain, a band of seven colors appears in the sky, which is called a rainbow. This phenomenon of the rainbow is a special phenomenon in nature.
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon that occurs when light is reflected, refracted and scattered in water droplets, creating a spectrum of colors that can be seen in the sky. It appears as a circular arc with many colors. Sunlight is usually the cause of rainbows, and they always appear in the part of the sky that is directly opposite the Sun.
How is a rainbow formed
A rainbow is formed when light from the sun passes through water droplets in the air, such as after a rainstorm. Each water droplet acts like a mini prism, which means it bends the light and separates it into its different colors. The phenomenon of bending of light is called refraction.
When the light enters the water droplet, it slows down and bends, because the speed of light is less in water than in air. This causes the light to separate into its different colors, similar to what you see when light passes through a prism.
The different colors of light then reflect off the inside of the water droplet and refract again as they leave the droplet. The colors that we see in a rainbow - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet - are actually all different wavelengths of light.
As the light leaves the water droplets, it spreads out in all directions, but we can only see the colors at a specific angle. This is why we typically see rainbows in the sky when the sun is behind us and the rain is in front of us.
So, a rainbow is essentially a result of millions of water droplets each bending and separating the light from the sun into its different colors, which we then see as a beautiful arch of colors in the sky.
A plane mirror is a type of mirror that has a flat surface, meaning it is not curved like other types of mirrors such as convex or concave mirrors. The term "plane" refers to a two-dimensional surface that is flat and not curved in any way. When light reflects off of a plane mirror, it bounces back in a way and in this is equal to the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. This means that the image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, meaning it appears to be behind the mirror, and the size and orientation of the image are the same as that of the object being reflected. Plane mirrors are commonly used in everyday items such as mirrors in bathrooms and dressing rooms, and they are also used in science experiments to demonstrate the behavior of light.
Q. What are the characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror?
An image formed by a plane mirror has several distinct characteristics:
(1) Image formed is virtual ie image cannot be projected or focused on a screen
(2) The distance of the image ‘behind’ the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror
(3) The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.
(4) The left side of the image appears on the right side and right side of the image appears on the left. This is known as "lateral inversion."
(5) Altitude/orientation is always upright.
(6) Same Distance: The distance between the object and the mirror is always equal to the distance between the mirror and the image. This is known as the law of reflection.
(7) Brightness: The brightness of the image formed by a plane mirror is the same as that of the object being reflected, as long as the mirror reflects all the light that falls on it.
Q. What is the image formed by the plane mirror?
A plane mirror is a reflecting surface for which the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, this is the law of reflection.
The angle of incidence (i):- The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the angle of incidence (i).
The angle of reflection (r)
The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is called the angle of reflection (r).
The image is formed laterally inverted in a plane mirror, that is, if we raise our left hand, we see our right hand raised in a plane mirror.
If parallel rays of light are incident on a plane mirror, then the reflected light rays are also parallel.
The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, and of the same size as the object.
The distance the object is from the mirror, the image appears inside the mirror. The distance between the object and the image is twice the distance between the object and the mirror, that is, if the distance between the object and the image is 15 cm, then the distance between the object and the image is 30 cm.
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| Image formed by the plane mirror |
With the help of a plane mirror, only one image is formed of a real object, this image is virtual, erect, and of the size of the object. The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity and its optical power is zero.
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